PAKISTAN

× The data in this study were collected to assess preferences with respect to drip irrigation systems, which was promoted under Punjab Irrigated-Agriculture Productivity Improvement Project (PIPIP) in Pakistan. The survey was conducted among 475 households across four districts (Attok, Chakwal, Layyah, and Sahiwal) in the Punjab province of Pakistan. These districts capture contrasting agroecological zones as well as contrasting agricultural systems. The survey was designed primarily to capture differential preferences along a gradient of drip irrigation experience and exposure. In addition, the survey collects household information such as education, farm holdings, cropping systems, and patterns.

× The Pakistan Rural Household Panel Survey (PRHPS) 2014, Round 3 is the third round of the PRHPS; Round 1 and 2 were conducted in 2012 and 2013 respectively. This survey aims to provide a quantitative basis to identify and address urgent economic development and policy priorities in Pakistan. Many modules and questions in Round 3 are consistent with the prior rounds. PRHPS Round 3 was able to collect complete data from 1,876 households in the rural areas of three provinces namely: (i) Punjab; (ii) Sindh; and (iii) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK).The sample is representative of the rural areas of Punjab and Sindh provinces, and of the rural areas in 11 of the districts in KPK province. The survey collected information on a large number of topics including sources of income, nature of employment, consumption patterns, time use, assets and savings, loans and credit, education, migration, women decision making, economic shocks, transfers in and out, health and nutrition, and participation in social safety nets. Four survey instruments were developed to collect this information. These included two household questionnaires (designed to collect individual- and household-level information from a main male and a main female respondent who were interviewed separately), a community questionnaire, and a price questionnaire.

× The Pakistan Rural Household Panel Survey (PRHPS) 2013, Round 2 is the second round of the PRHPS; Round 1 was conducted in 2012. This survey aims to provide a quantitative basis to identify and address urgent economic development and policy priorities in Pakistan. Many modules and questions are consistent with the prior round. PRHPS Round 2 covers 2002 of the 2090 households surveyed during Round 1 in 76 primary sampling units in the rural areas of three provinces namely: (i) Punjab; (ii) Sindh; and (iii) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). Information on 88 households could not be collected because they refused to respond, migrated or were not available. The sample is representative of the rural areas of Punjab and Sindh provinces, and of the rural areas in 11 of the districts in KPK province. The survey collected information on a large number of topics including sources of income, nature of employment, consumption patterns, time use, assets and savings, loans and credit, education, migration, economic shocks, governance, and participation in social safety nets. Four survey instruments were developed to collect this information. These included two household questionnaires (designed to collect individual- and household-level information from a main male and a main female respondent who were interviewed separately), a community questionnaire, and a price questionnaire.

× The dataset "Pakistan Cotton Survey 2014, Round 1.3" was collected to inform the research study that examines the efficiency of markets for cotton seed in Pakistan with particular emphasis on the market for genetically modified cotton seed embodying insect-resistance traits from the soil bacterium Bacillus thurigiensis (Bt) that have been conferred through genetic modification.

The survey was designed by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and implemented by Innovative Development Studies (IDS). It collected data on the harvest from each picking and the total sales of cotton. Round 1.3 was implemented between January-February in 2014, immediately after the last harvest. Data were collected from the households sampled in Round 1.1. Of the original sample of 728 households, 46 chose not to grow cotton in kharif 2013, 70 lost their crops to flood or other natural disasters, four migrated and eight dropped out in the second- or third-round surveys.

× The dataset "Pakistan Cotton Survey 2013, Round 1.2" was collected to inform the research study that examines the efficiency of markets for cotton seed in Pakistan with particular emphasis on the market for genetically modified cotton seed embodying insect-resistance traits from the soil bacterium Bacillus thurigiensis (Bt) that have been conferred through genetic modification.

The survey was designed by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and implemented by Innovative Development Studies (IDS). It collected data related to input use and pesticide poisoning symptoms up to the first picking of cotton. Round 1.2 was implemented between September-November in 2013, during or immediately following the first picking. Data were collected from the households sampled in Round 1.1. Of the original sample of 728 households, 46 chose not to grow cotton in kharif 2013, 70 lost their crops to flood or other natural disasters, four migrated and eight dropped out in the second- or third-round surveys.

× The dataset "Pakistan Cotton Survey 2013, Round 1.1" was collected to inform the research study that examines the efficiency of markets for cotton seed in Pakistan with particular emphasis on the market for genetically modified cotton seed embodying insect-resistance traits from the soil bacterium Bacillus thurigiensis (Bt) that have been conferred through genetic modification.

The survey was designed by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and implemented by Innovative Development Studies (IDS). It collected data on household, farm and plot characteristics of cotton growers. Data were collected in face-to-face interviews with 728 farmers who were selected in a statistically representative sample of all cotton-growing agroclimatic zones in both Punjab and Sindh Provinces, accounting for more than 99 percent of the cotton cultivated in Pakistan. The first round was implemented between March-May in 2013, soon after participants planted cotton.

× To study the efficiency of genetically modified cotton markets in Pakistan, a series of household surveys were designed and implemented in 2013. Aside from the four rounds of household surveys, the research team also designed a biophysical survey. The purpose of the biophysical survey was to measure the presence and expression level of Cry protein in farmers’ fields. The plot selected to collect tissue samples to be tested was the “main” cotton plot identified in the household surveys implemented in 2013-14.

The collection, tests, and analysis of the cotton tissue (leaves and bolls) was led by the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad (UAF), and the National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), Islamabad, in collaboration with International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), and Innovative Development Studies. Two different tests were carried out. The first one was the strip test that test for the presence or absence of the Cry1Ac protein. The second was the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that quantifies the expression level of this protein. Two rounds of tests were conducted, the first at approximately 70 days after sowing (DAS) and the second at approximately 120 DAS. The resultant dataset combines information from 593 sampled households with corresponding plant tissue diagnostics from 70 DAS, as well as information from 589 sampled households with corresponding diagnostics from 120 DAS.

× The dataset "Seed Dealer Survey" was collected to inform the research study that examines the efficiency of markets for cotton seed in Pakistan with particular emphasis on the market for genetically modified cotton seed embodying insect-resistance traits from the soil bacterium Bacillus thurigiensis (Bt) that have been conferred through genetic modification. The purpose of the seed dealer survey and seed collection was to test the seed, through DNA fingerprinting, for purity and other traits (germination, moisture etc.).

The survey was designed by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) and implemented by Innovative Development Studies (IDS). The sample selection of seed dealers involved three steps: i) identification of markets from where most of the survey households in our sample for the study purchase seeds; ii) preparation of a list of all cotton seed dealers in these identified markets; and iii) selection of five seed dealers in each market and collect samples of three top selling varieties.

The household survey identified that nearly 32 percent of the selected cotton growers purchased seeds from markets. These markets were located in 42 tehsils. Keeping in view the representation of all agroecological zones (AEZs) of cotton growing areas, 27 tehsil markets were randomly selected. A list of cotton seed dealers and cotton varieties that they purchased to sell in (kharif) 2015 were prepared in the selected tehsil markets. A cotton seed dealer is defined as a vendor of cotton seed. From the dealer listing, five seed dealers were selected randomly and subsequently top three selling cotton seed varieties per dealer were selected. In total, we had 135 seed dealers in our sample. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect information on the sale, purchase, and inventory of cotton seed varieties. Seeds of selected three cotton varieties were collected from each seed dealer. In total seeds of 404 cotton seed samples were collected. These samples were packed in bags and sent to the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad for DNA fingerprinting.

× Pakistan Rural Household Panel Survey (PRHPS) 2012, Round 1.5 is a sub-sample consisting of agricultural households captured in Round 1 of the panel survey. It covers information of households, who either managed or cultivated agricultural plots, during the production year 2011-12, and two crop seasons, namely: (i) Kharif 2011; (ii) Rabi 2011-12. The survey gathers information on agricultural production (including inputs and outputs of crop and livestock production), agricultural water use, farm and household assets, access to extension services, climate change, credit, employment and income, household consumption and expenditures, and the linkage between pesticides and health. This survey covers 942 agricultural households in 76 primary sampling units in the rural areas of three provinces namely: (i) Punjab; (ii) Sindh; and (iii) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The sample is nationally representative of the rural areas of the three provinces. Data was collected using a questionnaire based on discussion among IFPRI, PSSP and IDS staff and feedback from enumerators.

× Pakistan Rural Household Panel Survey (PRHPS), 2012 is the 1st round of the Rural Household Panel Survey, which aims to provide a quantitative basis to identify and address urgent economic policy priorities. The RHPS covers 2090 households in 76 primary sampling units in the rural areas of three provinces namely: (i) Punjab; (ii) Sindh; and (iii) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The sample is nationally representative of the rural areas of the three provinces. This survey collected information on a large number of topics, such as sources of income, nature of employment, consumption patterns, time use, assets and savings, loans and credit, education, migration, economic shocks, participation in social safety nets, and household aspirations. Six survey instruments were developed to collect this information. These included three household-level questionnaires (two were designed to collect household information on various household and individual level aspect by males and females separately, and the third was an aspirations questionnaire, conducted on a household member between ages 18-35), a community questionnaire, a price questionnaire, and a school questionnaire.

× This Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) was built for the year 2007–2008 for Pakistan. The proposed approach to estimating SAMs is motivated by an information theoretic approach to estimation (Judge & Mittelhammer, 2012) that takes a Bayesian perspective on the efficient use of information: “Use all the information you have, but do not assume any information you do not have." The methodology used to develop this SAM ensures that it is perfectly consistent with the National Accounts. The SAM includes 51 sectors of activity, 27 factors of production, and 18 household groups, allowing tracing direct and indirect effects of potential scenarios through production and consumption linkages and capture distributional effects. The use of this SAM is illustrated using a semi input-output multiplier model. Output multipliers in Pakistan, accounting for supply constraints, range between 1.1 and 1.4, and shocks to livestock and industry have the largest spillover effects.

× This dataset includes national-level time series data on researcher capacity by qualification level, age bracket, discipline mix, and commodity, as well as a detailed breakdown of agricultural research investment across government, higher education, nonprofit, and (where possible) private for-profit agricultural research agencies. These data were derived through a series of primary survey rounds conducted by IFPRI’s Agricultural Science and Technology Indicators (ASTI) and in close collaboration with a large network of national collaborators. The ASTI data constitute a powerful resource for national and regional research managers, policymakers, donor organizations, and other stakeholders. ASTI’s key indicators provide both a diagnostic tool for assessing the allocation and use of existing resources and an advocacy tool for increasing resources and improving the efficiency and effectiveness of resource use. The ASTI website offers interactive pages that allow users to access country-level time series data, make cross-country comparisons, create graphs, and download country datasets and publications as well as detailed institutional information on agencies involved in agricultural research. The interactive benchmarking tool on the ASTI website is a convenient map-based instrument allowing users to make cross-country comparisons and rankings based on a wide set of financial and human resource indicators. The detailed ASTI datasets are available in an easy-to-use data download tool. Detailed information on definitions, methodology, and calculation procedures are available at www.asti.cgiar.org

× The questionnaire was administered in 14 rounds over five years to approximately 800 rural households. Topics include household characteristics and composition; anthropometry, child health and nutrition; land ownership and tenure; agricultural production and disposition by season; household expenditures on labor, factors of production, food and other nonfood elements; male and female labor use; time allocation of household members(male and female); household asset ownership; long and short term credits; livestock and poultry ownership and income; male and female nonfarm activities and income; women's fertility history; pensions, other transfer incomes, income from trade and crafts. Community/village level information were collected on crop yields, crop prices and irrigation water rate, the daily wage rate on farm and nonfarm activities, the price of essential food and nonfood items, the availability of public services in a village, rural education, migration and employment. Data were also collected on technology adoption and technical skills of wheat farmers, labor on different farm activities and returns to labor.